AGRICULTURE

Plant Cultivation

Animal Breeding

THE USE OF IODIS IN VITICULTURE

In the pass years, viticulture and grapes nursery-garden started expanding in the use of different growth regulators and physiologically active chemical compounds. They are used for the regulation of the growing processes. Improvement of the vine ripening, increase of harvest and its qualities indication (Juice saccharinity, marketability, rigidity to unfavorable condition, etc. In nursery-gardening, the growth regulators are applied for the improvement of the roots formation and the vine grafts joining for the optimization processes of the growth and the development of the seedlings in the nursery-garden. The correct application of these materials on one or another stage of the technological process of production provides tangible improvement of the grape, improvement on the quality and the output of the grapes seedlings.

In recent years in Ukraine, a lot of new compounds with direct action have been worked out. These combinations are often more effective compared to, the existing analogs, have selected action and most importantly are "ecologically clean. Further more these compounds are mostly reasonably cheaper in comparison to imported ones. Therefore timely and quality study of the action of the new physiological active chemicals for crops farming, and its quick inculcation in production, is very important.

The aims of our works are:

-The study of the action of the bio-transformator compound (BTF) on grapes planting

-To show the effectiveness, optimal concentration, methods and the period of work.

The work is carried out based on the Scientific technical agreement with "Iodis" in Kyiv.

1. Material, conditions of work, calculations and analyses

The work looked at three issues:

1. Regulation of the growth process; possibility of increase of quantity and quality of the vine harvested; improvement of juice standards and vine materials from this harvest.
2. Regulation of the growth and development of the dual sorts of vine suitable for budding.
3. Study of the influence of additional fertilizing with solutions of BTF applied not on the roots on the development and output of the young vine plants.

The plant were besprinkled twice (I+II terms) and three times (I+II+III terms).

During the research period, the following parameters were recorded:

- Agro-biological characteristics of development (the growth, diameter, mass of sprout growth, their grade of maturing);

- harvest parameters (mass of bunch, quantity of harvest collected from one vine plant and from 1hectre, berry juice concentration - saccharinity and acidity);

- vine material quality (tasting evaluation on all cases);

On the second issue:

- agro-biological characteristics of vine development (diameter and length of productive part/piece of sprout growth, productive vine mass, one vine plant and 1h standard sprout output);

- vine quality (maturing, b);

- analytical structure of vine tissue (relation of xylem to core, quantity of hard bast layers etc.) while carrying out the evaluations, äîçèâåíòðàëüíîñòü on the front and back sides of vine were considered.

On the third issue the subject of study were planted into the sachets budding of the sort Suvenir. Over the vegetation period, the plants were besprinkled three times (June, July, August) with 0.1%- 0.2%-0.5% concentration of BTF solutions.

During the period of work on this matter, the following parameters were recorded:

- development parameters of young plants' above the ground part (length, diameter, growth quantity, leaf surface area):

- structure of the rooting system (quantity of roots according to fractions - 1.5mm thick and higher main ones and becoming overgrown ones; root length)

- Output of standard young plants.

2. Research results:

1. Spraying of the vegetating vine plants of the technical sort "Odessa Black" stimulates the common development of plants and increases the common sprout growth and their diameter (table 1). This means that the additional fertilizing with the BTF solutions stimulates not only the linear growth of sprout tissue (of apical meristem), but also the growth of lateral meristem's tissue is stimulated. And this allows the possibility to achieve the higher quantity of standard one-eye sprouts during preparation of vine selected for budding. It is very important, that during stimulating growth processes, we improve plants inflorescence development. Compared to control sample (tabl 2) the bunch was significantly more on treated plants. It increases from 11% to 28% depending on concentration and number of treatment. Therefore, on equal number of bunches for one plant, the harvest increases from 9.2% to 27.7% depending on number of treatments and concentration of solution. Three times fertilized plants show the highest harvest. Speaking about concentrations, the highest harvest increase was obtained spraying 0.1% solution. Most important that berry juice concentration highly improves on 3 times fertilizing of the plants. Therefore in comparison with the control samples, sugar content increases by 1.5-3.3% but juice acidity lightly reduces. Organoleptic evaluation of vine materials made from samples during the complex tasting was high. The samples differed by high saturation of coloring components, palate fullness. The members of commission marked out the sample from harvest of plants that were treated with the 0.5% BTF solution in 3 terms. This is especially important for farms specializing on planting of conditioned harvest for obtaining quality vine produce.
2. It is very important to receive high quality output of vine of dual sorts for young vine plants production. Spraying of dual vine parent plantings with BTF solutions has an activating effect on the growth processes of plants. It was marked that high growth sorts (B x RS04) reacted more energetically upon the not-rooted fertilizing. Compared to control samples, the sprout growth of this sort increases by 1.5-1.8 times. Sorts R x R 101-14 increase their sprout growth from 6-30% (tabl.3). It is important to note that the productive vine length becomes more while increasing the common sprout growth, the samples sprout diameter showed an increase compared to control ones. This causes the output increase of standard (by diameter) half-meter grafts (for budding) for R-R 101-14 sorts in different cases by 16-84%, for B x xRS04 by 5-81% (tabl.4). Three times spraying shows higher parameters, besides, they are also high after two times treatment (with 0.2% and 0.5% concentrations).

   The anatomic structure of the tissue is very important under this type of intensive sprout growth, as it always the case with the wearing out of tissue, intensive growth of core, which is a negative factor for budding. On analyzing the anatomic sprout (cuts) of studied sorts, thick tissue structure of the experimental samples was marked. The timber area increases and the core area reduces. The relation of these parameters is higher in all circumstances. The relation of the parameters practically increases about twice on 3 times spraying of the 101-14 plants with 0.5% concentration solution.

   On this variant, quantity of the hard bast layers also increases twice. Similar changes can be observed in the use of 0.2% concentration. Thicker tissue structure positively affects its improvement and water retention abilities. Tissue water contents of experimental samples is higher than that of the control ones. Big difference between the experimental samples like with RxR 101-14 and the B x RS04 (Tabl.4) is not observed.

   Accumulation of excess carbohydrates in the tissue of the treated plant goes more intensively. Sum of all the carbohydrates of the experimental samples is above 30-44% more than the control the ones.

   The process of the accumulation in the tissue of plants treated with 0.1-02% BTF solutions gets more intensive. If speaking of fractional carbohydrates contents, then also the variants of 0.1 and 0.2% concentrations, accumulation of starch and sugar goes more intensive than in variants where 0.5% concentration was applied (Tabl. 4) In this case, during the dual parent planting vegetation period with BTF- Iodis, complex fertilizer solutions can positively affect the vine development. All above improves the standard vine sprout output and quality.

3. On the spraying of the young plants in the sachets, High activating effect of the BTF preparation was recorded. (Tab.5) For the purpose of receiving of high quality young plans, in accordance to State regulation, it is necessary to improve the diameter of the sprout growth and developed rooting system. The experimental plants shows better development on all characteristics as the result the sprout out put was height than the control ones by 6.5-18%. In this experiment, the best result was on the application of 0.5 concentration solution. The sprout tissue growth became more active in length, and on the improvement of the diameter; sprout diameter goes up in relation to the control plants by 20%. The plants differ with the highly developed leaf system; the leaf area increases by 35%. The work of such a strong leaf system influences the well rooting system development. The number of the taproots increases by 56% and their lengths by 75% in relation to the control samples.

   On spraying with 0.5% BTF solution, the sprout out put increases by 18%.

In the light of above, results of the one year research, the following can be noted:

1. The study of BTF technology present a great interest for vine and grapes nursery-garden.
2. Above the root fertilization of plants with BTF significantly activate the growth process and increase the productiveness of the grape.
3. For now it is difficult to recommend multiplying treatment, so also concentration, as on the grape plant, better results were received on the use of lighter solution concentrate (0.1 or 0.2%) but on the transplants much higher -0.5%
4. It is necessary to determine which factors leads to the increase harvest and the heavy weight stem, on the account of the prevention of the shedding seeds- bud or the increase of the amount of the bacca.
5. Improvement of the quality of dual vine should be controlled by the intensity of regeneration processes of tissue during vaccination engrafting period.
6. Checking the influence of "BTF" solution while mixing it with fungicides, on the development of the level of the outbreak of the vine diseases, is recommended.
7. It is equally necessary to try the given technology on consumable vine sorts with the aim of improving its marketability.